American Directness and the Japanese Essay -- Essays Papers

American Directness and the JapaneseAmerican and Japanese ways of speaking be so different that they often cause culture shock to both Americans and Japanese who visit each others country. Most Japanese who survey to the United States are at first shocked and have a problem with the American direct way of speaking.Culture shock occurs because most Japanese cannot easily escape from the design politeness= indirectness. Compared to the American way of speaking, Japanese speak much more indirectly. Directness is considered a form of impoliteness in Japan. Therefore, when we want to be polite, we speak and map very indirectly. For example, we seldom say, Ill go to a bathroom, except when we are with close friends. Usually, we say, Ill go wash my hands. Especially when we are at the table or with an key person, we say only, Excuse me. Ill be back in a minute because we do not want to remind other people of the bathroom, which is considered a seamy place, even though it is actually c lean. Also, other Japanese can infer that we are divergence to a bathroom from this phrase. But Americans cannot. They ask where we are going since they have no idea what we are going to do make a phone call? buy something? Yet, in this case, these questions make Japanese frustrated, question why these Americans do not understand our polite expression.Basically, expressing our desire directly is not considered polite, and culture shock happens to Japanese when Americans expect us to express our feelings honestly. Concerning appetite, when we are guests, we are unlikely to say, Im hungry. We put up with hunger until we are asked, Arent you hungry? Even when we answer the question, we want to stay polite, so we never say, Yes.... ...ure shocks to Japanese who come to the States.The difference between American and Japanese ways of speaking can cause us some bad experiences at first however, once we transmit accustomed to the direct speech of Americans, it is more convenient than th e Japanese way. First, we can say what we want. Second, we do not have to hesitate to tell the truth in order to be polite. Finally, it frees us from unnecessary misunderstandings. The third point makes us happy because it makes us feel we have adjusted ourselves to American society at last. Compared to Americans trying to learn the Japanese way of speech, we are supposed to have much less difficulty learning the American way. At first, it might wait to be difficult, but in a few months, we will find ourselves comfortable in the direct speech of the Americans and may be in flurry when speaking with newcomers from Japan.

Exchange and Transport in Protozoa :: Biology

Exchange and Transport in ProtozoaThe exchange of gases between the environment and cells occurs via the puzzle out of diffusion. Diffusion depends on The amount of surface expanse available for diffusion. The bigger the surface area the great the rate of diffusion. The concentration gradient. An organism which respires very speedily will have a much lower concentration of oxygen in the cells and a higher than normal concentration of Carbon Dioxide. So the greater the concentration gradient across the respiratory surface the quicker the rate of diffusion. The thickness or length of the diffusion path. The greater the thickness of the path the unhurried the rate of diffusion because the gases will have to travel a larger distance. So the respiratory surface must be as thin as possible.The relation of the three points above can be summed up by Ficks LawHowever, the amount of gas which an organism needs to exchange isgreatly proportional to its people, nevertheless, the amo unt ofgaseous exchange which takes place is proportional to the surface areaover which the exchange happens.For single celled/unicellular organisms the surface area to volumeratio is large, however, for larger organisms the surface area tovolume ratio decreases. The larger the object gets the morecomplicated it gets.The smaller the object the larger thesurface area to volume ratio. This is where single celled organismhave an advantage. Organisms like Amoeba can exchange gases withenvironment quickly and easily. However exchange surfaces need toattain authoritative properties to maximise gaseous exchange. They are Need to have a good blood supply- high concentration gradient Moist- Dissolve gases Large Surface surface area Thin walls PermeableAs single celled organisms are small so they do not have to havespecialised systems like much larger organisms like mammals. Singlecelled organisms like amoeba do not have to have transport systems orspecialised systems because they are so sma ll so IMAGEsubstances donot have to travel far to get to their desired destination.The contractile vacuole in this amoeba is used for water regulation.

Educational Implications for Heideggers Views On Poetry And Thinking E

Educational Implications for Heideggers Views On Poetry And Thinking ABSTRACT I discuss some of the educational implications emerging from Heideggers views on poetry, thinking, and language. Specifically, Heideggers views on the neighborhood amongst poetry and thinking suggest that most accepted methods of teaching poetry are in error, because they ignore this neighboring relation. The importance of this relation is presented and clarified. I thusly discuss the implications of Heideggers view for teaching poetry. Heideggers series of three lectures, later published as The Nature of Language has some very significant implications for education. (1) In this piece I focus on the second lecture. In opening his second lecture, Heidegger invites his listeners to think about the nature of language. Such thinking, he explains, has little to do with the prosecution for knowledge in the skills. He cautions his listeners about the danger arising from the domination of method in scientific s tudy and discourse. He cites Nietzsche who stated that what characterizes contemporary science is the success of scientific method over science. By contrast, thinking, including thinking about the nature of language, has to do with a quite unique region in which thought exists. It is not dominated by or based on a method. Thinking is not even governed by a specific prow. In todays science, Heidegger holds, even the theme of study is a part of the method. The field of Computer Sciences, with which Heidegger was not well versed, since it flourished -- exploded -- after his death, is a poignant example of a contemporary science whose theme is controlled by method. Heideggers description of science has proved quite true in the four decades s... ... 1997). (5) Pablo Neruda, For All to Know in Pablo Neruda, Winter Garden, trans. William ODaly (Port Townsend, lap up. Copper canyon Press, 1986) p.19.(6) Martin Heidegger, Letter on Humanism in Basic Writings, ed. David Farrell Krell (New York Harper & Row, 1977) p. 210.(7) Pablo Neruda, Spain in the Heart Hymn to the Glories of the People at War, trans. Richard Schaaf (Washington Azul Editions, 1993). See Pablo Neruda, Memoirs (Middlesex, England Penguin, 1978), pp. 125-126. (8) Heidegger, The Nature of Language, p. 93.(9) Hayden Carruth, Collected Shorter Poems, 1946-1991 (Fort Worden, Wash Copper Canyon Press, 1992). p. 343.(10) Martin Heidegger, Aristotles Metaphysics, Bk. IX Ch.1-3 On the Essence and Actuality of Force, trans. Walter Brogan and Peter Warnek (Bloomington, Ind. Indiana University Press, 1995), p. 109.

Manufacture In Scotland Today :: essays research papers

ContentsContents pagePage 1IntroductionPage 2ElectronicsPage 3SemiconductorsPage 5AerospacePage 6AutomotivePage 7ConclusionPage 8ReferencesPage 9Manufacturing In Scotland TodayIntroductionThis report is not so much on the state of the manufacturing industry in Scotland but rather of its current success. sparing productivity consistently ranks among the highest worldwide and multinational companies have expand their presence in Scotland to capitalise on this.Due to the extent of the manufacturing industry in Scotland I am going to focus on four arenas these macrocosm Electronics, Semiconductors, Aerospace and Automotive manufacture. Other major areas of manufacture in Scotland include Biotechnology (which I will touch upon later), Food (with annual sales totalling 7.3 billion) and Textiles.Scotland is the home to or so 550 electronics companies including multinational giants such as IBM, Compaq, Motorola, Matsushita and Phillips. Scotland also has one of the highest concentratio ns of semiconductor fabrication companies in Europe including NEC, Motorola, National Semiconductors and Raytheon Systems. While the Scottish aerospace industry comprises of 52 companies including BAE Aerostructures, GEC Marconi radar and Control Systems, Greenwich Caledonian, Rohr, Bond Helicopters and Woodward Governor and it has world-class expertise in electronics, plastics and aluminium founding, all of which are increasingly important in automotive manufacture.All these companies chose Scotland. legal residence to Europes most experienced electronics work-force the Scots are known worldwide for their work ethic, as well as for their skills and initiative they are praised for low gear turnover rates, low absenteeism, and high levels of responsiveness to training and new technologies. Partly this can be put down to Scotlands educational system which places particular emphasis on electrical engineering, science, mathematics and computer-related studies. Also producing more eng ineering graduates per capita than all other EU nations.Scotland also offers the ideal location for companies requiring access to the European market finished access to Europe in a matter of hours with its modern airports, motorways, deep water seaports and advanced rail freight connections with Europe.ElectronicsThe so called Silicon Glen area of Central Scotland is one of the most concentrated areas of electronics activity in Europe. Home to many companies from America, Japan, as well as European multi-nationals and of course independent Scottish companies. Many leading electronics companies have operations in Scotland, including IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Canon, Compaq, Packard Bell, NEC, Sun Microsystems and Mitsubishi. Altogether they employ 41,000 people, with another 29,900 supporting directly. Total product sales of the Scottish electronics domain amounted to 15.5 billion in 1996 with Scotland producing32% of personal computers made in Europe,

Essays --

Mao Zedong was considered to be the father of communist china. He was born in Shaoshan, China in Hunan province on December 26, 1893 and died in Beijing on September 9, 1976. He was born into a peasant family with 3 siblings, 2 junior brothers and a younger sister. Unlike most peasant families in Nineteenth Century China, his family was more wealthy than most. He went to Shaoshan Primary School. When Mao was 11 he attempted to run away from home to get away from the Confucian upbringing, solely his father brought him back and 2 years later he absolute his primary education. He worked full time in the fields with his father. To fulfill his restless mind he was always cultivation. It was at that time that after reading a booklet by Zheng Guanying that he developed a political consciousness. His future political standing was influenced by George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte and their cognise for their countries. In 1911 when he was about 18 he moved to Changsha for a secondary education. He served as a private soldier in the develop army for the Xinhai Revolution, it was successful in defeating the monarchy in the southern province but the Northern Province still supported the monarchy rule.After the victory he returned to studies but soon moved out of Changsha School because it was set to Confucianism. After that he spent most of his time reading at the public library with a goal to be a teacher. He enrolled himself in a teacher training college. He then started writing articles for the radical newspaper, New Youth. He participated in many school activities and he graduated from that same school in June of 1919.He then moved to Beijing in search for a romp not being able to find one on his own his mentor helped him get one as an assista... ...ding it was somewhere between 2 and 7. whatever of Maos most famous quotes were A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery it cannot be so refined, so le isurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another. From musical composition on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in HunanWar is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage, between classes, nations, states, or political groups, and it has existed ever since the emergence of private property and of classes. From Problems of Strategy in Chinas Revolutionary WarEvery Communist must grasp the truth, Political origin grows out of the barrel of a gun. From Problems of War and Strategy

Essays --

Mao Zedong was considered to be the father of communist China. He was born in Shaoshan, China in Hunan province on December 26, 1893 and died in Beijing on September 9, 1976. He was born into a small fry family with 3 siblings, 2 younger brothers and a younger sister. Unlike most peasant families in Nineteenth Century China, his family was more wealthy than most. He went to Shaoshan Primary School. When Mao was 11 he attempted to run away from home to germinate away from the Confucian upbringing, but his father brought him back and 2 years later he completed his primary education. He worked full time in the fields with his father. To fulfill his restless mind he was always reading. It was at that time that after reading a booklet by Zheng Guanying that he positive a political consciousness. His future political standing was influenced by George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte and their love for their countries. In 1911 when he was about 18 he moved to Changsha for a secondary ed ucation. He served as a private soldier in the rebel army for the Xinhai Revolution, it was successful in defeating the monarchy in the southern province but the Northern Province still supported the monarchy rule.After the victory he returned to studies but soon moved out of Changsha School because it was bent-grass to Confucianism. After that he spent most of his time reading at the public library with a goal to be a teacher. He enrolled himself in a teacher training college. He then started writing articles for the radical newspaper, New Youth. He participated in many school activities and he graduated from that aforesaid(prenominal) school in June of 1919.He then moved to Beijing in search for a job not being able to find integrity on his own his mentor helped him get one as an assista... ...ding it was somewhere between 2 and 7. Some of Maos most famous quotes were A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery it cannot be so refined, so loose and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another. From Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in HunanWar is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage, between classes, nations, states, or political groups, and it has existed ever since the emergence of private proportion and of classes. From Problems of schema in Chinas Revolutionary WarEvery Communist must grasp the truth, Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. From Problems of War and Strategy

Economic Policies Of The Presidential Candidates Essay

The presidential election is flood tide just in the time when the States is in dire need to get out of mevery crises. Some of the apparent crises are the health reform crisis, the credit crisis and the political crisis generated by the war. Considering this background environmental condition, the coming election might be one of the most important events in the history of America and one that will decide the future of the country. In this musical theme however, I will focus on discussing the sparing policies proposed by both presidential candidates.The discussion will focus on evaluating individually of the candidates economic agenda and how they will affect the US economy in terms of growth (the supply side) and stability (the demand side). II. Thesis Statement Based on the intelligence agency rails and publications regarding the economic agenda of the two candidates we can assess to a certain extent, the direction of each candidate. From my analysis, each of them has different approach on how to lead the challenges faced by the nation. In the end of this paper I will provide a conclusion stating the different overall positions of both candidates and what benefits could come from each economic agenda. archetypal however, I would make a thesis statement based on a quick glance over the available reading in order to direct the course of this discussion. The thesis statement is Obama has an economic implement plan that is aimed to affect the US economy in the form of better living conditions for the midsection class American workers in all aspects and thus generate economic stability, while McCain has an economic action plan that is aimed to affect US economy in the form of enhanced Americas competitiveness in businesses and thus create stronger macroeconomic growth III. Candidates on Economic offset (the Supply Side)There are several perspectives of measuring the quality of a economic policy. In this paper, I am using two basic measurements of economic performance, which is economic growth and economic stability. Economic growth represents development of the supply side within the economy, which is represented by factors like productivity growth, capital appeal and the supply of labor. Economic stability on the other hand, represents development of the demand side of the economy, which is represented by factors like inflation, demand for goods ands services, employment and price levels. in spite of their nature of sometimes being a trade-off to each other, both are important economic indicators to ensure a prosper society. The lack of heed to any of those factors mentioned above will generate concerns and even protest from unsatisfied citizens of America. Thus, this paper is dedicated to evaluate the presidential candidates economic policies proposal within each and ever factors mentioned above. III. 1. John McCain on Economic Growth III. 1. 1 John McCains Agenda John McCain has confessed previously in one of his interviews tha t economy is non really his strong point.However, callable to the presence of numerous professors as his economic advisors, it is not objective to judge the candidate from this statement alone. After a catamenia of unclear statements regarding his economic agenda, John McCain has finally stepped-up confidently with a clear-cut economic agenda. His website reveals several sections consisting of actions under a title of McCain Tax Cut figure. In the Pro-growth Tax Policy section, McCain proposed the following actions 1. Keep Tax Rates LowUnder this action John McCain intends to fight the Democrats on their evaluate cost increase agenda and in the exact opposite of that plan, John McCain believes that there should be a reduction of tax revenuees for the entrepreneurs of America. John McCain believes that small, medium and successful entrepreneurs are at the habitation of American innovation and therefore, should be protected by sound government policies. 2. Make It Harder to rai se Taxes To support his commitment to maintain a low tax level, John McCain will strive to change the current legislation and suggested a new one, regulating that tax increases require at least 3/5 majority vote in Congress.3. Cut Corporate Taxes Especially for corporations, John McCain suggested that a further tax reduction is important for US competitiveness. He believes that America was once a low-tax business environment, exclusively later failed to keep pace as trade partners lower their rates. Thus, a tax deduction is appropriate to define US competitiveness. 4. Rewards Savings, Investments and Risk-Taking John McCain believes that the reduction of tax will enable saving and further coronation on innovation. Thus, it is imperative to maintain low taxes. 5. Allow First Year expensing of Equipment and Technology investmentIn order to boost investment in research and development, the government should allow corporations to expense their capital expenditures make use ofd for developing cutting edge technologies (John McCain, 2008). III. 1. 2. Perceived Effects of the Agenda As elaborated, McCains economic agenda focused on his tax-cut plans. There are pros and cons regarding this action plan, especially regarding whether this tax cut plans will actually support economic growth. In theory, McCains agenda is in line with the general understanding on macro economic tendencies.Macroeconomic theories revealed that when taxes are low and entrepreneurship & innovation are supported by various legislations, there will be increased investment on business that will finally enhance the level of productivity of related businesses. This means that in theory, McCain has met the first criteria of economic growth, which is increased productivity. By lowering taxes on huge corporations, McCain will also allow these companies to enhance their capital accumulation process and generate business expansion faster than it would be otherwise.This means that in theory, McCain w ould have also met the capital accumulation criteria. In terms of labor supply, McCains campaign website does not mention any effort of change magnitude the supply of labor for American industries. In his speeches and interviews on the other hand, the candidate has mentioned that his economic agenda will also include pedagogy programs for to increase the skills and capabilities of US labors and thus, enhanced their wages also. If these government training programs are truly a part of McCains action plan, than it the candidate had also theoretically fulfilled the third factors, which is labor supply.Concerns however, are stated by economic observers. These observers stated that in the past 4 years, we have performed this strategy of providing entrepreneurs and corporations with supporting strategies, but the fact is, during the entire Bushs administration, the amount of new jobs created is less than a year within the Clintons administration. Observers and writers also perceived tha t the corporate tax cut will enrich the already rich and done little for the middle class. This is quite in contrast to the current concerns throughout the United States toward increasing the quality of life for the middle class and the working class.Some perceived that this is only a clever strategy to get the support of powerful entrepreneurs in McCains campaign. Therefore, McCains idea of continuing this program (further protecting and supporting large corporations) does not impress most economic scholars and economic observers, but realise interest of the business sectors. Another concern is that McCains plan to increase labor supply is considered weak. This is due to the fact that American corporations are outsourcing their production activities overseas, due to the cheaper cost structure in foreign countries.Thus, supporting the large corporations with huge tax cuts will not guarantee that American labor will larn advantage over the growth generated by those tax cuts. Furthe rmore, with trainings that enhance American labors wage-rates, it will be less likely for American companies to use American labor in their production. These policies might have the potential of generating increased growth rates and innovation as promised, but even with the tax returns for workers families, the middle class will only gain a small portion, compare to the benefits gained by rich entrepreneurs.

Parental Involvement in Education Essay

Clay P. Bedford once said, You can t severally a conditionchild a littleon for a day but if you can teach him to learn by creating curiosity, he will continue the learnedness process as long as he lives. Its the 21th century and we take up achieved the peaked of the brilliancy of the serviceman race and e realthing is manipulated with a click of the mouse, with the aid of computer technology we can achieve a faster way of learning. However, the urgency, dedication, and quality of learning of children 20 years ago atomic number 18 quite different from the children of this generation. A change in the attitude towards training a move to the life-long paradigm is currently taking dimension globally. The fundamental aim of building a get out system of education defined the type of rules of order built. Currently, substantial changes demand taken place in the context of teaching as well as the system of education and organization of academic work. The success of our communit y depends upon the pace and ex functions of building a knowledge-based society with the realms of our enlighten. But, The quality of education in the U.S. today declined at a tremendous rate. (Houig 4-10).Have we as p atomic number 18nts contributed to the decline of our childrens learning? Could this be the psychological put of a dysfunctional family the types of environment our children be growing are the children themselves dont reach the urge to study or lack of agnate familiarity in the childs education? Therefore, to what point do we as parents try to get involve in our childrens life? This has been a apparent movement unanswered by all parents kindred us? Parental employment in childrens upbringing plays a very vital role in their attitude and quality of learning. Well, parents go immense lengths to give their offspring the best possible start in life from providing the first meal, to offering vigilant apology and teaching them the skills to survive on their own. And after move reading, researching, and asking questions about would have attributed to the continued decline of the quality of education of our children, I have displace a common thought that child-rearing physical exercise takes a vital role in the attitude of children towards education.And the most influential in the childs lift to education is definitely a good child-rearing practice (Hoover-Dempsey 3-42). The techniques of child-rearing that parent are using when raising their children has a great effect on the childs growth and development. Every society has differentchild-rearing practices used to facilitate child development. The practices depend on cultures, beliefs, and socio-economic as well as environmental factors. These different factors figure out child development as societies at the same time have different perceptions and expectations on child development. There are two types of child-rearing techniques introduced to us by Ms. Annette Lareau, conjunct culti vation wherein in most cases provides the child with skills and advantages over natural growth wherein the children in the classroom will learn and eventually will resurrect to their career. Parents engaged in concerted cultivation are parenting by attempting to foster childrens talents through organized leisure activities, which teach them to respect spot and how to act in a structured environment.Learning how to interact in structured environment much like in the classroom gives student a full stop start in check special emphasis on reasoning skills and language use. These parents are much elusive in the following their childrens activities. through this process children from concerted cultivation upbringing will be much productive in their academic endeavors and they feel more responsible because they know that their parents are highly involved. The second type of technique of child-rearing practice involves parents in the working class which engage their children in th e accomplishment of natural growth. Children usually have more unstructured time and therefore these children create their own to preoccupy themselves. They create activities such as watching television, playing computer games, PSP, X-Box and Nintendo DS.This environment does not unionize children to survive in setting that are very structured, such as school. Accompanying the strain of not having enough time, working class parents are left(p) with less time to get involve with their childrens schooling activities. My experience as a teachers assistant has thought me to judge parents pastime in their childrens learning with performance of each child in school. The proactive parents have their childrens fellowshipwork completed, memos read and required documentation dour in the following day while half of the class still has their memos on their folders and with no homework completed. Now that coincides with the banknotes from research showing that when Parents are involved in their childrens learning, students achieve more and less likely to drop out of school (Keith, et.al. 31-40). So, how do we define parental involvement? Parentalinvolvement includes a wide range of behaviors but generally refers to parents and family members use and investment of resources in their childrens schooling. After that broad definition, let us differentiate the versatile types of parents to fully understand and vividly portray the effects of parental involvement in each childs quality of education.There are troika main types of parents authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parents. Authoritative parents are found to be the style with more success in upbringing they establish a balance between making demands and being responsive to their childrens specific needs. These parents provide their children en couragement which embodies positive attitudes towards work and effort. With such enthusiasm and children receive all the courage they need to pursue good grades. T hese children also feel secured in their personality and feel more comfort subject asking for help when they need it most. Children of these parents tend to do better while in school (Cotton 1). Authoritarian parents follow a style where they simply tell their children what to do, and not to argue with them. Parents who apply this style tend to limit childrens independence and force them to follow strict rules by threatening harsh punishment for violations. They also tend to be less responsive to and accepting of their children. By preventing children from exercising control over their own behaviors and learning from their mistakes, authoritarian parents inadvertently may be rearing children to believe that they are not responsible for what happens to them.Children from these groups of parents tend to display loss of confidence and motivation because of there is lack of continued positive reinforcement. These are the parents that get discouraged when their children come home with ba d grades. They punish their children which often cause an uneasy feeling for these children to seek for help even worse, they may exhibit rebellious attitude towards their parental authority and ultimately towards his outlook on acquiring his education. Permissive parents are very passive and feel their childs life should be their own responsibility and are often expressing an I dont care attitude towards their achievement as well as their outlook in life. This can be very dangerous in that the childs motivation is almost if not quite completely based on observation and peer influence, going away a large variable on the location and condition of the childs upbringing. These are the type of parents that are presumed not necessarily uncaring or negligentin their childs need however the children perceived it as such. Ruth Nuneviller Steinem once said, Children dont belong to us.They are elflike strangers who arrive in our life and give us pleasure and duty of caring for them, but we dont own them. We help them become who they are. This is the true essence of being a parent and that being able to impart and bring out the best in our children, be it our own or opposite children that we get acquainted throughout our life time. Parents beliefs and perceptions on the responsibilities as parents have a big effect on their childrens interest in learning (ESU 1-3). But, numerous controversies could cloud the full implementation of programs in school to foster parental improvement in education. An article came up at one of the issues of lolly State University paper saying, Some are concern about parental involvement program stems from their observation that many schools and teachers use a one-size fits all procession to teaching. And the International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies say, It is imperative for teachers and school personnel to enhance their strategies for promoting parental presence.While another article published at instruction State say, Educators need to recast the idea of partnership more one in which they parent parents. So, everyone agree that we need to act on promoting parental involvement in education in order for the student to achieve and excel at highest potential. Our system needs to stream line and advocate the importance of parental involvement and overcome the various obstacles and stigma that permeates our society as a whole. We need to work in unison, united with one polish and dedicated to achieving the goal of improving the quality of education for our generation and the generations to come. It is imperative that these obstacles are talked and overcome so that our children will be better leaders and citizens of our country and the world. In my continued research I found that parental involvement has shown a consistent positive relationship between parents engagement in their childrens education and student outcomes (Such 39-68). So, what can we do as parents? To succeed in our endeavors we as parents, need to get a partner, learn more about organizations working to boost parental involvement, attend workshop and empowering oneself.Parental involvement constitute (1) volunteering by adopting and sponsoring academic based programs, school clubs, or team attending meetings to help enhance and harbor academic improvement withinthe school coach sports and supporting the clubs and teams in its advocacy. And if the school cannot get a staffer dedicated to parent engagement, parents should get together and start training parents to be reading and math tutors and even establish a welcoming committee that new parents in the school (2) setting ordinary and consistent rules homework first and foremost before anything else (3) setting examples parents needs to show interest in reading, discovering new things and learning and sharing ideas and (4) keeping lines of colloquy open parents need to encourage their children to relate how their day was. Parents should take a minute or two to answer questions that arises even in a very hectic schedule. Parental involvement is an important area of sociology because of its significance to social capital and its positive jars on children.It is, by itself, a social relation involving teachers, parent, and students where each play a role and function based on their own expectations, familial and social norms, and personal and social obligations. Japan for example set a high regard to parental involvement in the education of their children, Teachers make explicit and exacting demands on parents for their direct involvement I their childrens learning (Halloway et.al. 91-97). Japanese schools promote parental involvement (oyanokanyo in Japanese) is said to be strong because parent-school relationship is viewed as a relationship that is based on trust, deference, partnership, and cooperation. Mothers are the primary educator in the lives of their children. They are viewed as (1) audience Japanese school provide venue where parents can interact with each other and this come during school orientation (shinnyuugakujidoudetsumeikai) for incoming first graders done yearly during the month of January to February and parents sit in on a class and listen to the teachers lecture (2) volunteers parents are asked to fill out a form indicating interest, expertise, and experience. Information provided is used to create a talent bank a database containing the parents name so that they can use to fill up basic services that the school needs like safeguarding students while crossing the street or even recycle activities (3) paraprofessional parents acting as teachers during the summer.These work includes making sure they read to their children, make sure that summer home works are done (4) learners Japanese school requires parents to attend seminars to improve their efficacy in educating and rearing their children and in someschools parents are encouraged to attend skills training like ironing, sewing, inte rnet use, etc. and (5) decision-makers the schools PTA officers in Japan meet in the city discuss matters geared to improvement in the school and their children. As my research progress, I have learned that in China compared to our public school system, parental involvement is higher. Parents in China have greater educational expectations for their children. Chinese parents place more emphasis on effort rather than emphasis on ability especially when attributing reasons for difficulty or failure. Chinese parents accept the critical role of fortune their children learn concepts if they are lagging in school. Involvement of Chinese parents is back-stage/behind the scene- they are more engaged in home-based activities to boost their childs ability to learn.Chinese parents make sure that their children complete their homework with perfection. In China, education ethics begins with parents. Mother will actually attend school takes note to observe the child-teacher relationship and the c hilds behavior towards learning (International Journal of Social Sciences 26-35). Chinese parents are engaged more in heathenish practice that honored the professional expertise of teachers and the need to access skills for successful access to social mobility while at the same time they sought to maintain the cultural integrity of their community. In India, the framework of the parental involvement in Indias Education System is defined as controlled by the individual parent, parental school board or the tribal council. Like in many eastern Asian countries education is of highest value that parents could provide for their children. While the authority for overseeing the whole education system lies on federal trust, the responsibility for Indian people remains with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, all agenda pertaining education is directed to include laws and regulations that impact the whole public school system (Warner 4-18).While the Middle Class Americans parents encourage their c hildren to nurture their talent with various activities that will later give them a head start. These parents exposed their children on how to interact in a structured setting. Other parents get involves in their childrens life by having an open communication with their childrens teachers. They get involved in the academic process, school activities and other extra-curricular activities that the child is interested with. The Working Class American parents on theother hand relies on the natural growth of the child, boastful the child the opportunity to make their own choices to keep their time occupied, that most engaged themselves with exposure games and social networking media like Facebook and Twitter. These children learn at their own phase and eventually losing their focus interest in learning and in the traditional population like in the case of the Hawaiians, parents tend to provide their children a non-stimulating environment. They often are unaware that their child-rearing practices can affect their childrens cognitive and language development.They fail to instruct the importance of playing and chatting with their children because they are unaware of the age-appropriate activities to do with their children. Many of these parents inhibit exploration putting emphasis on discipline, obedience, and respect for elders, religious beliefs and cultural Lords Supper (Sheehey 3-15). Both the U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services note, The role of mother as well as father is necessary in the development and academic success of a child. Mothers and fathers often bring different strengths and style to their parenting roles. Children benefit significantly in many areas when fathers and mothers are actively engaged. These advantages are the building blocks for success that begins from birth and lasts into adulthood. According to research gathered by the Minnesota Fathers and Families Network some of these benefits include ( 1) social skills children grown with greater empathy, less gender role stereotyping and higher self-esteem.In cases where fathers are actively engaged children have more self-control and less impulsive behaviors (2) excel in problem-solving children have less hesitance and fear in new situations because, acceptance and confidence are instilled, increase curiosity to learning, increase exploration of the world around them and these children have greater tolerance for success and frustration because of the nurturing and love that they have received in their childhood (3) cognitive benefits higher math competence when fathers dynamically participates in the childrens homework and class activity, overall verbal competence and early literacy because parents effort to reading and story-telling leads to childrens interest towards reading and ultimately all these concerted efforts eventually leads to higher grade completion and income overall. To some parents who take time to attend meet ings, conferences and participates in school activities andevents are teaching their children the value of setting priorities and giving importance to the development of their childrens social life.These parents are teaching their children to be socially aware, responsible, and work for the betterment of the community. Our future rest on the quality of children we are raising (Elium 1-35). These also teach the children to value education. Seeing their parents giving up their time to be in school and get involve completes their development as a whole. For our goal in sending our children to school is for them to be physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually fit to the society where we belong. We raise our children to better leaders, better care-takers of our environment, better citizens of our society and better parents for our future generation. My personal experience has also convinced me that parental involvement play a vital role in education. This is the story of my medi cally challenged girlfriend Bethany Joy who really exemplifies that role of parental involvement truly is beneficial. She was born prematurely, 29 weeks GA, with low birth weight.She suffered from an intraventricular hemorrhage Grade III meaning, the iii chambers or the ventricles bleed 10 days after birth. Her neonatologist and neurologist said that secondary to the severity of the brain damage, she will not be able to walk and talk. A periventricular shunt was implanted to act as the vertebral column where her cerebrospinal fluid will flow. Knowing her prognosis, my husband and I headstrong that is she will pull through with all this other medical complications that I will have to quit my job. We were determined to defy all the doctors perceptions. We nurtured her in a loving environment, made few advances on her therapy sessions, made every effort to read, sing, and played with her and eventually she came out victorious.Talking before she turned one and walk of life at 13 mon ths. She had undergone five brain surgeries and five other minor surgeries but she is in a regular school and has been one of the recipients of the Academic love Student for the past six years at her school. So, now it is safe to conclude that parents participation in their childs education is far more vital in the success of the childs education. Our involvement as parents can mold the childs interest towards learning (Eliun 1-35). So, lets make a difference in our childrens lives, to create a better society and life for our children in the generations to come.

Blue Nile Case Study

soft Nile Case Study Cristeen McPherson Student Number 326914 BUSA 506 Dr Terry Power November 11, 2012 1) The competitive forces confronting racy Nile and other online retail je tumefyers argon medium or weak in strength, with the exception of the strong rivalry amongst sellers. The say-so for new entrants to the jewellery securities industry is relatively low due to the noble be of caudex, the want of differentiation of product and the brand intelligence held by the exertion leaders. Good substitute products for a quality diamonds be not readily avail open.There are synthetic gemstones, cubic zirconium and other jewellery options, but the general consumer does not see these as a true substitute for real diamonds. provider bargaining power is a mixture of strong and weak factors leaving this force with a medium impact on the industry. The diamond supply industry is more concentrated than the retailers but is having new entrants emerging. Like the Canadian diamond produc ers Ekati in 1998, Diavik in 2003, Jericho in 2006 and Snap Lake-4 in 2007 making Canada now the ternion largest diamond producer in the world. 1 Two factors contributing to a stronger supplier power are that products are critical to the retailers success and there is a lack of good substitute products. In contrast, the commodity trading or buying process for diamonds contributes to a weaker supplier power as retailers have easy king and low cost to switch suppliers. Industry members are also now integrating backwards into the supply of the product, Diavik mine is a joint venture surrounded by Rio Tinto and Harry Winston baseball diamond Corporation and the De Beers Group owns the Snap Lake-4 mine. 2 Buyer bargaining power is runly strong due to Low costs of switching between retailers ? Lack of differentiation of product between retailers differentiation is more on quality provided than the style or presentation of the product ? Large and diverse consumer stalk ? Buyers abil ity to be well informed on product information on quality, expenses and costs is growing due to internet accessibility ? Buyers are price sensitive The strongest force is the rivalry between the competing retail sellers. Factors affecting competing rivalry ? Buyer demand is growing slowly jewellery market is mature, with a bountiful range of consumers ?Buyer demand had fallen off in recent years due to recession many sellers found themselves with slow moving store ? Buyer costs to switch brands is low the buyer has no costs to switch to another online retailer, its just a mouse click ? Products are weakly differentiated diamonds and jewellery are similar offerings between the sellers ? High fixed or storage costs the bricks and mortar (b&m) retailers and many of the online retailers have spirited inventory costs, which when not turning incur carrying costs (interest etc) negatively impacting cash flow and earnings ?High exit costs the high inventory costs make it difficult to liquidate quickly ? Competitors are numerous and diverse in their value proposition, with low value, high volume retailers like Walmart as well as high end prestigious retailers like Tiffany & Co. 2) Some key success factors that will affect the online jewellery retailers in the show up future exquisite jewellery buyers are looking for a retailer that offers quality product at a competitive price. Retailers must rely on their brand recognition with consumers they urgency to build awareness of their product offerings as well as their customer overhaul.Retailers must prove they are reputable, reliable and trustworthy. Online retailers have to express this through with(predicate) capturing their online audience with an easy to navigate website, appealing to their emotional response and stateing other consumers satisfaction and confidence with past purchases. Jewellery retailers must be able to provide exceptional customer service and support. Major purchases of jewellery it ems, especially a diamond engagement ring, are real emotional to the purchaser. Customer service that acknowledges the significance of the purchase and guides the purchaser hrough the transaction will be a necessity for success and gaining consumer loyalty. With the high costs of inventory, retailers need to manage costs of inventory and operations, keeping costs in line with sales and managing cash flow is a key capability for success. A successful retailer is able to catch inventory purchases with their consumer sales at a similar rate, maintaining inventory turnover and cash flow through the business. Not updating and maintaining their awareness and a high level of market knowledge will put a retailer at a significant competitive dis wages.If they are not recognizing the market trends, strive to achieve some product differentiation and preparing to meet customer needs and wants, they will fall behind and lose customer loyalty, sales and market share. 3) savory Nile is employi ng a best-cost provider schema as their competitive approach in the online jewellery business. Their aim is to create competitive advantage by offering a quality product at a competitive price. spirited Nile is able to do this through their supplier agreements where the diamonds and other gems are not actually purchased by Blue Nile until they have a consumer order for that particular product.This limits Blue Niles exposure on inventory costs and the risk of non-selling product. Blue Nile also relies on strict reserve of their operating costs expenses for employees, facilities and technology are continuously reviewed to condition their aptitude and that low costs are maintained. These two components combine to acknowledge Blue Nile to offer comparable quality jewellery at substantially lower prices than their competitors. 4) Blue Nile has a rattling deep and keen knowledge of their customer and market.This enables them to tailor their website to their customers needs, offer s uperior service and educational aspects for the consumer, effectively establishing trust with their consumers. This knowledge also gave them the ability to strike very good supply agreements with quaternate providers for the quality product they sell online. Many of the diamonds and other jewellery are only available via Blue Nile because of their exclusive supply contracts. In order to confront competitive, Blue Nile must be diligent in maintaining and updating their market knowledge.The ability to accurately predict market trends and proactively alter business strategy is alert to ongoing success. For instance, many of the online retailers are currently relying on their educational information to garner the customers trust and loyalty. With every retailer working to increase the knowledge of the consumer, this strategy will lose effectiveness over time as the consumer becomes more knowledgeable. The ease of switching retailers is very high and Blue Nile must be pretend to offe r another compelling reason to remain loyal.Blue Nile must also be aware of any changes in their suppliers and the diamond market, if new diamond suppliers clench similar supply agreements with any of Blue Niles competitors, they may lose their supply chain advantage and risk significant increases in inventory costs. 5) dress up Analysis Blue Nile Table 1 pic Although Blue Nile has many company strengths that propel their current success, the many competitors in the online and b&m jewellery industry have many of the same strengths.Blue Nile needs to improve and expand their trade campaign and strengthen their brand recognition. They also need to develop a plan to offer more product differentiation. One suggestion to incorporate both these needs might be to develop a strategic alliance with a well-known jewellery designer and offer custom design service online using the designer name and reputation. 6) Blue Nile posted exceptional double-digit sales increase over the six years 2002-2007, the recession of 2008 interrupted their growth trend actualizing a 7. % loss on sales year over year. They have since achieved moderate sales increases ranging from 2. 3% to 10. 18%. Blue Nile shows a steady gross margin averaging or so 21. 7% over the last ten years. They also show very steady levels of selling, general and administrative expenses that have a slight increase each year most likely due to inflation of salaries and input costs. Consequently, their EBT margin is also very healthy, averaging 7. 0% earnings return on sales. Blue Nile has large cash reserves and very little long-term iabilities, their liquid ratios are very healthy. Their current ratio averages 1. 51 over the last ten years. With their cost control and supply chain management, Blue Nile has very positive results for the performance/efficiency ratios. Their cash conversion is excellent due to the payables terms of supplier agreements they have a positive cash float of about 40 days from the collection of sales revenue to the payment for goods. 7) Weighted Competitive Strength Assessment Table 2 Blue Nile does have abundant strength to remain competitive against its rivals.Their main rival based on pricing, quality and market knowledge is JamesAllen. com. Blue Nile is the strongest in terms of cost control and inventory control/supply chain management. Currently Blue Nile does have a sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals. Their product offerings are very similar, as are their websites and customer service policies, but Blue Niles cost control is far superior giving the advantage of greater efficiency and lower costs as compared to the other online retailers. ) In order to develop a more sustainable competitive advantage Blue Nile will need to use their market knowledge to develop a stronger marketing plan to drive their brand recognition, product differentiation and develop greater customer loyalty. Blue Nile also needs to address the future erosion of mar ket share due to the growing strength of competitors, and the potential of the loss on exclusivity from their product suppliers. 9) Recommendations pic The components of the marketing plan and the strategic alliance with a jewellery designer fit together very well and should be quite easy and quick for Blue Nile to develop and execute.The value that would be seen via the increased brand recognition, customer loyalty and product differentiation would increase their competitive strength and be sustainable for the near future. Blue Niles current geographic expansion has shown success, continued expansion will need to be founded on research into the jewellery customs of object glass locations, to use the websites appeal to the emotional purchase of jewellery. Low costs of online expansion are advantageous, while care must be taken to ensure language and culture are respected.Selective expansion will help to retain competitive advantage for the medium range future and grow market share internationally. With their keen market knowledge, Blue Nile is positioned to take advantage of the weaker competitors in their market and secure market share growth for the mid range future via acquisitions. The potential to acquire a competitor would take longer to evaluate completely but is still a viable option to gain large portions of market share and increased sales.Blue Nile does have positive cash flow, good cash reserves and available credit facility to use to accomplish the acquisition. While the strategic alliance with a diamond producer/mine would secure long-term guarantees of the supply of quality, exclusive product at very competitive costs, the timeline to complete such(prenominal) a project is lengthy. The cost could also be prohibitive to Blue Nile at this point in time. The potential for long-term sustainable competitive advantage is most beneficial with this strategy and Blue Nile should not rule this option out as a future long-term goal.Bibliography CBC News, Canadas Diamond Rush, http//www. cbc. ca/news/background/diamonds/, Last Updated September 20, 2007, accessed November 9, 2012 Case 9, Blue Nile Inc. in 2010. Thompson, Arthur A. , Strickland, A. J. & Gamble, John E. (2012). Crafting & Executing Strategy The Quest for Competitive gain Concepts and Cases(18th ed. ). New York McGraw-Hill Irwin Power, Terrance P. (2008). Powers Case Study Analysis and Writers Handbook. Toronto Nelson. Appendices Current Strategic Group Map High Price/Quality Low a couple of(prenominal) Locations Geographic Coverage Many Locations Market Share Chart for Top 20 Jewellery Retailers pic Financial Information Growth Profitability and Financial Ratios for Blue Nile, Inc. Financials Ratios downloaded November 9, 2012 1 CBC News, Canadas Diamond Rush, http//www. cbc. ca/news/background/diamonds/, Last Updated September 20, 2007, accessed November 9, 2012 2 Ibid WalmartSterling Jewelers Zale Corporation Costco, Target Blue N ile QVC, Sears, JC Penney, Fred Meyer Jewelry TV, HSN Macys eastmost & West, Neiman Marcus Cartier Tiffany & Co. Walmart, 4. 83% Sterling, 4. 17% Zales, 2. 83% Tiffany & Co, 2. 50% QVC, 2. 33% Sears, 1. 50% JCPenney, 1. 50% Finlay Fine Jewelry, 1. 50% Macys East, 1. 00% Neiman Marcus, 1. 00% Costco, 0. 83% Target, 0. 83% Fred Meyer Jewelers, 0. 67% Helzberg Diamond, 0. 67% Jewelry Television, 0. 67% Macys West, 0. 67% Tourneau, 0. 67% Cartier, 0. 50% Blue Nile, 0. 50% HSN, 0. 50%

Appearance of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos Essay

The natives of the Philippine islands already wore different types of clothing and ornaments before the arrival of Spanish colonizers. The men usually wore short-sleeved, collarless jackets that reached honest below the waste. The jackets were also symbols of their status in the community. The chief usually wore red, for example. The bahag was worn for the lower branch. It is a strip of cloth wrapped around the waist which passes surrounded by the things, leaving the thighs and legs exposed. A head gear or a putong is a piece of cloth wrapped around the head.This is also important like the distort of the jacket. A red putong meant that the wearer has already gone to war and killed an enemy. An embroidered putong meant that the wearer has killed at least seven enemies. Adornments such as necklaces, armlets or kalombiga, anklets, earrings and rings were also worn. These were usually do of gold and other precious stones. Women also wore sleeved jackets called baro and skirts called saya or patadyong. Women fancied wearing ornaments as well such as gem-studded bracelets, necklaces, earrings, and rings.Tattoos Tattoos played an important part in the appearance of pre-Hispanic Filipinos both for the men and women. Tattoos were considered to be the equivalent of medals, one had to work for and earn it. The more tattoos a person had, the more impressive was his or her war record. The Visayas was known to be the Islas del Pintados or Islands of the Painted People because it was the there that the early Spanish colonizers observed very tattooed people and Spanish writers referred to them as the pintados, subject matter painted.

Literature Review on Assertiveness Essay

Literature Review on AssertivenessIntroduction Assertiveness is the ability to express ones point of view, feelings, thoughts and needs while keeping the rights of others peoples in mind. An imperative individual learns which response to select, whether it can be acting non-assertively, aggressive or assertive on a cheek by case basis. Nevertheless, acting assertively is not usually the best selection in accomplishing the best possible results. An assertive individual has the capacity to stop and think what is in his or her best interest as well as the interest of others (Peneva, 2013). The study of assertiveness began in the middle of the 20thcentury whereby it was associated with clinical practice. The clinical psychologists accepted non-assertiveness as a reason for some of the mental illnesses and thus to treat them, they implemented several programs with the main aim of developing assertiveness. In the 70s, when the civil rights movement in America was growing, some psycholog ists concentrated on assertiveness as a way of protecting the rights of individuals. They claimed that the capability to protect individual human rights in a humane and democratic manner, without prejudice to the fundamentals of others was among the significant features of assertive conduct. Therefore, the political and social associations during the 80s and 90s of the 20th century promoted the interest in assertiveness as a way of strengthening the human potential and attaining maximum individual fulfillment (Peneva, 2013). Various periodicals were published targeting professionals and incorporating theoretical description of training programs and studies as well as theoretical positions. The first study on assertiveness was performed by an American psychologist Andrew Salter in 1949 with the main aim of discovering the causes of uncertainty and find a stand for to treat or reduce its neurotic influence (Peneva, 2013). According to him, uncertainty occurred due to the prevalence o f retention processes over stimulation process in the anxious(p) system. He also claimed that most people in the contemporary society suffered from a disorder of the balance nerve. This formed the theory of assertion, which is based in the innovate that every person have certain basic human rights such as the right to start errors. People who atomic number 18 assertive has characteristics such emotionalism of speech, expressiveness of speech, potential to oppose and counter others suggestions, accepting praises, and impulsive in own actions and refusal. On the other hand, individuals who are non-assertive lack the ability to maintain adequate boundaries between his or her rights and those of others. Non-assertiveness happen when one permits his or her boundaries to be restricted. A non-assertive person tends to internalize tensions and feelings and to experience such emotions as anxiety, fear, fatigue, nervousness and depression (Ames, 2008). The review on assertiveness brought about other associated concepts such as professional light, assertive communication, self- assurance and conflict management. Assertiveness has been claimed as the background for understanding these concepts and their in numberence in assertiveness.Lizarraga.M et al, examined the impacts of t each(prenominal)ing self-regulation, assertiveness, and empathy to forty middle school students in a compulsory education setting (Lizarraga et al, 2003). The study involved a quasi-experimental design, which utilized pre and post-test measurement. According to them, assertiveness refers to an individual capability to express and advocate interests, ideas and feelings easily without anxiety, but maintaining respect for other people. Assertiveness is also connectedto self-esteem and self confidence because peoples who feel self-assured and competence interact more naturally and sincerely in establishing relationships. Anna Deltsidou in Undergraduate nursing students level of assertiveness in Gre ece, examined the assertive behavior in students interaction with each other as well as their studies in the first and second semester. According to Anna, the concept of assertiveness acquired message when defined in terms of chosen indicators such as autonomy, relationship and authenticity (Deltsidou, 2008). The study involved an assertiveness scale that measured assertiveness in relationships, which proved to be valid and reliable to a significant extent.It was concluded that nurses interact with colleagues, patients and other health care professionals whereby the interaction is improved when nurses have a good assertive communication skills. Having the same idea with Anna, Amir Abbassi and Raghu claimed that assertiveness acquire meaning through and through and through autonomy, courage, and authenticity (Abbassi& Raghu, 2006). Furthermore, they claimed that assertiveness is a significant flavour in counseling, sociology and psychology for dealing with matters in individual cha racteristics required for functioning various roles in the society. They concluded by claiming that autonomy, courage, and authenticity are interconnected to each other, which are the primary indicators of assertiveness and latter give meaning to assertiveness. There is a comprehensive body of literature on assertiveness and assertiveness training. either the same, assertiveness is defined as the practice of traits that enables individuals to act in their best interest, express themselves and stand for themselves without denying the rights of others. ArvindSinghal and MotokoNagoya presented the definition of assertiveness in the similar manner through their study on Assertive as Communication Competence, which claimed that there is significant variation between individuals attitudes toward performing assertive behaviors (Singhal& Nagao, 1993). Nevertheless, it is clear that some people are more assertive than others. They also argued that assertive communication competence is smir chal and contextual whereby it vary from smirch to situation depending on the gender, and concluded by claiming that there is a need for further investigation on assertiveness as a tool for measuring communication competence in intercultural settings. Daniel R. Ames explored the varying levels of assertiveness in negotiations and interpersonal conflicts in his article, Assertive Expectancies. According to him, assertiveness is a healthy and desirable behavior for all individuals who interact in a group situation insofar as it militates against personal powerlessness and can lead to personal empowerment, and ultimately benefit the workplace as a whole (Ames, 2008). According to Ames, individuals make idiosyncratic prediction of the social and instrumental implications of a given acquiescent behavior, which is in line with theories of personality that claims that outcomes expectancies shape behavior (Ames, 2008). Thus, it is possible that assertiveness is preponderantly the product o f expectancies and values, meaning that individuals who expect high assertiveness to be harmful could simply be more concerned with preserving relationships. He concluded by lay out that assertiveness there are many definitions of assertiveness that differ in accordance to the particular perspective or the purpose of the definer as well as the context. However, the meaning of assertiveness must concerns confidence, and behavioral pattern, which are the fundamental components of assertiveness. In describing the behavior of consumer, ClaesFornel and Robertperformed an exploratory study of assertiveness, aggressiveness, and consumer complaining behavior. They defined assertiveness as a complex of behaviors that are produced by an individual in an interpersonal context, which shows an individual feelings, opinions, attitude, wishes, firmly and honestly while preserving the attitude, wishes, rights and opinions of others (Fornell& Robert, 1979). Moreover, they suggested that assertivene ss does not concern an undue or excessive amount of fear and anxiety, but represents the standing up of an individual rights without violating the rights of others. This is in line with arguments of mental health scholars who argue that assertiveness is learned and depend on the situation to situation. Likewise, the impacts of assertive training involve increased positive response from others, increased self-esteem and decline in social situations for individuals having gone through a training program. As the above literature review reveals, it is clear that the definition and source of assertiveness depend on an individual perception and the situation to situation. The key indicators of assertiveness are courage, autonomy and authenticity.ReferencesAbbassi.A, & Singh N, Raghu (2006) Aseertiveness in Marital Relationship Among Asians Indians in the United States. The Family Jounal.14.392-398 Retrived from http//www.sagepub.comAmes, R, D (2008) Assertiveness Expectancies How Hard Peo ple Push Depends on the Consequences They Predict. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.6. 1541-1557 Retrieved from http//www.columbia.eduDeltsidou, A (2008). Undergraduate nursing students level of assertiveness in Greece a Queaionnaire survey. Journal of Nurs Education in Practice 9. 322-330Retrived from http//www.researchgate.netFornell, C & Robert.(1979) An Exploratory Study of Assertiveness, Agressiveness, and Consumer Complaining Behavior.Th Journal for Association for Consumer.6 105-110Lizarraga. M, Ugarte. M, Cardelle-Elawar, Iriarte.M &Baquedano.M (2003).Enhancement of Self-regulation, assertiveness, and empathy.Jounral of Learning and Instruction 13. 423-439. Retrived from http// www.elsevier.com/Peneva, I &Mavrodiev (2013).A Historical Approach to Assertiveness.The Journal of Psychology Thought. 6(1) 3-26Singhal.A, & Nagao, M (1993). Assertiveness as Communication Competence A Comparison of the Communication Styles of American and Japanese Students. Asian Jour nal of Communication. 3. 1-17 Retrieved from http//utminers.utep.eduSource document